2012

Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 18

Mwiriwe mwese.  Ndagirango mwizina ry’abacitse ku icumu rya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi hano i Ndera mu mwaka wa 94, abacitse ku icumu mpagarariye muri kano kanya, mbashimire cyane kuba mwaturutse imihanda yose, mukirengagiza imirimo myinshi myari mufite, mukaza kwifatanya natwe kuri uyu munsi twibukaho abacu bazize jenoside, baguye hano muri caraes, ari abahakoraga, ari abari baharwariye, ari n’abaturage ba hano ku musozi wa Ndera bari bahahungiye. Twongeye kubashimira cyane.

Duteraniye hano muri kano kanya kugirango twibuke abacu bagiye tukibakunze kandi tubahe icyubahiro.  Uko abacu bapfuye, uko uno munsi ugeze tugira ababiduhaho ubuhamya.  Biradufasha kubyumva, kandi tuzakomeza tubyumve.  Ntekereza icyo nabagezaho uyu munsi, nabanje gutekereza abo nabwira by’umwihariko.  Hano kuri Ndera, abakuru  bari barengeje imyaka 18 bashoboye kurokoka itsembabwoko ntibarenga batanu.  Abandi icyo gihe bari abana bato.  Numvise nagira icyo mbwira abo bana, abenshi batagize amahirwe yo kuganira n’ababyeyi babo, cyangwa baganiriye nabo ariko kubera ko bari bakiri bato cyane ntibashobore kumva cyangwa kwita kubyo babwirwaga. Mpitamo kubabwira amateka ya ba sekuru, nabo bapfiriye hano, abo bana batashoboye kumenya, abenshi muribo bakaba bataranumvise amateka yabo.

Ubwicanyi hano kuri Ndera kimwe n’ahandi mu Rwanda, bwatangiye kuva muri 59.  Iyo witegereje usanga ababyeyi benshi baguye aha, n’abana babo, ababyeyi b’abo babyeyi nabo bari bariciwe aha. Ubwo ndavuga ba sekuru b’abana biciwe aha. Icyo gihe hari muri 63.  Nanone iyo urebye abicanyi ba hano kuri Ndera, usanga abenshi ari abana b’abicanyi bo muri 63, bigaragara ko ababyeyi babo babigishije kwica, ndetse abari bakiriho muri 94 bagafasha abahungu babo.  Reka turebe uko byagenze muri 63, kugirango abacitse ku icumu rya 94 bamenye basekuru uko byabagendekeye, n’isano ubwicanyi bwakozwe icyo gihe 63, bufitanye isano na jenoside yakorewe abana babo, n’abuzukuru babo muri 94.

Mu mwaka w’i 1963 niho abatutsi bari batuye hano kuri Ndera bishwe.  

1. Bamwe mu bishwe icyo gihe twavuga ni nka
   1. Rwamfizi se wa Emerita n’Uwamaliya
   2. Kamananga umugabo wa Kabageni, se wa Hitimana, Uwimana, Nkundimana, n’abandi
   3. Kabajuguta se wa Kayumba, 
   4. Murasa Umugabo wa Mucyebyankanda, se wa Bateta na Yonas
   5. Kagaba Se wa ba Gakuba, Gakumba
   6. Sekabeza se wa Rurangwa, Rurangangabo, Rurangirwa
   7. Ruhama, se wa Mugemana, Munyaneza, n’abandi
   8. Sakindi se wa Murigande
   9. Sebununguri, se wa Bidudu na Rwomuncaka

Aba bose, … hamwe n’abandi tutavuze, biciwe igihe kimwe, bishwe n’abantu bamwe, bari bafite icyo bahuriyeho, bose bari muri MDR parmehutu.

1. Bamwe muri abo baparmehutu bishe icyo gihe twavuga ni nka :
   1. Murama Barthelemy (umukuru w’inama ya Parmehutu)
   2. Ukuyemuye Se wa Ntibiringirwa, akaba yari yungirije Murama
   3. Mushokambere n’umuhungu we Ugirashebuja
   4. Mukiga se wa Bagirubwira
   5. Utumabahutu wigeze kwiyita Millionnaire 
   6. Mabwire n’umuhungu we Karangwa
   7. Murengerantozo
   8. Cyimana
   9. Niyonzima

Ibyagaragaye muri ubu bwicanyi :

• Nk’ubundi bwicanyi bwa za 59 na 63, ubwo bwicanyi bw’abatutsi bwarebaga ahanini abagabo gusa, abagore n’abana ntibicwaga
• Nubwo abishe bari benshi ndetse kurusha abicwaga, abahutu bose ntibitabiriye ubwicanyi, aha twavuga nka Nyoni na mukuru we Bucuma batitabiriye ubwicanyi.  Undi twavuga ni nka Munyakazi wabonaga se Mushokambere na Mukuru we Ugirashebuja bica we ntabakurikize.
• Muri ubwo bwicanyi bwo muri 63, abicwaga babazanaga kubicira hano kuri Apred, hari inzu nto yigishirizwagamo hariya Apred itangirira, niyo babiciraga imbere.
• Aho Apred irangirira hari irimbi, ariko abo bicaga ntibatumaga bahambwa muri iryo rimbi, ahubwo babajugunyaga mu myobo yari aho bugufi bavuga ko yari iyo gutega amasatura, kandi imiryango yabo ntiyemererwe kubashyingura mu cyubahiro.
• Uburyo bamwe bapfuye, nka Mushokambere ajya kwica Rwamfizi, yaramupfukamishije, afata inkota amukata ijosi, atamuziritse.  Amaze kumwica yaravuze ati : « kwica umututsi ninko kwica intama ».  We yabivuze kuko uwo yishe atari yamurwanije, avuga ko arinko kwica intama.  Ariko hari aho iyo mvugo yagira ukuri, kuko Rwamfizi yari nk’intama imbere y’uwamwicaga, kuko nta cyaha yari afite.
• Undi twavuga ni nka Cyimana.  Uyu yarezwe na Ruhama, akurana n’abana be, aramushyingira.  Ariko muri 63, Cyimana niwe wishe Ruhama wamureze.  Muri 94, Cyimana niwe wishe abana ba Ruhama bakuranye.  Ariko amaraso si meza, muri iyi minsi Cyimana arwaye bikomeye mu mutwe, kandi ntabwo yivuza.

Bigeze mu mwaka w’1973, abana b’abo bishwe muri 63 bari barashoboye kubona akazi bakirukanyweho, abari mu mashuri yisumbuye bose barirukanwa.  Ibi byabaye mu gihugu hose, na Ndera ntiyasigaye.

• Karegeya (ETO), Kayitesi, Murekatete (Nyundo), Anatole wo kwa Kalimba, 
• Abakozi nabo birukanywe ku kazi, muri uwo mwaka wa 73, twavuga nka Kanakintama Julienne (Caraes) bisobanuke ko liste y’abirukanwa yaturukaga muri minisiteri.  Hari na Kayumba wirukanywe muri Minagri.
• Muri uwo mwaka kandi abatutsi bo kuri Ndera bacye barishwe.

Hagati mu myaka ya za 80, twatangiye kubona itegurwa rya jenoside y’abatutsi hano i Ndera.  Guhera muri za 86, 87 bamwe mu bakozi ba hano muri Caraes batangiye kujya bakora inama zidasanzwe, zimwe hano i Ndera izindi i Kanombe.  Byatangiye kugaragara ko abo twari inshuti batagishaka ko tuvugana.  Bigera aho basa nababitwerurira mu biganiro, bakatubwira ko bategereje gusa kwemererwa gutangira gukora (kwica).  Ubwo nibwo batangiye gukora amalistes.  Abari actif cyane icyo gihe  twavuga ni nka Alphonse, Masta, na Abel, bakoraga hano muri Caraes.

Ibyerekeye abatutsi bari batuye cyangwa bakora i Ndera muri 1994, bakaba bariciwe aha muri Caraes, ikigaragara nuko :  

• Uretse abari barahimukiye cyangwa bahakoraga, ubundi usanga abishwe ari abana n’abagore ba babandi twavuze bishwe mu 1963.  Icyo gihe bishe abagabo gusa, noneho 1994 bica abagore babo, abana babo, n’abuzukuru babo.
• Iyo nanone witegereje neza abishe abatutsi hano kuri Ndera muri jenoside, usanga ari abana ba Se bari barishe n’ubundi abatutsi muri 63.  Birumvikana ko bigishije abana babo ko kwica umututsi atari ikosa, ko ahubwo umwishe agororerwa.  Urugero ni Murama wayoboye abicanyi muri 63, akarangiza agororerwa kuyobora Ndera imyaka igera kuri 30 adasimburwa.
• Ndera ikwiye kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso bikomeye bya jenoside.  Ibyakorewe abatutsi si ubwicanyi busanzwe, ahubwo ni itsembabwoko kuko n’abari barwaye mu mutwe bamerewe nabi batasigaye.  Hano abarwayi barishwe.  Uwo namenye wasigaye ni uwitwa Kimonyo, ariko hashobora kuba hari abandi.  Uyu Kimonyo yari arwariye hano ahamaze imyaka yarengaga 15, akaba yari afite amateka maremare. Yari umucuruzi i Kibungo wakubiswe, aramugazwa muri 73 ariko ntiyapfa. Ibikomere bimuviramo kurwara mu mutwe no kuzanwa hano, ariho yasaziye. 

Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi bo kuri Ndera : Abari bayirokotse nubwo bari bacye cyane, bafatanije natwe twari tumaze igihe gito tuvuye kuri Ndera, dushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri y’abo twashoboye kubona muri Caraes no mu giturage.  Twakomeje kandi gushakisha abataraboneka, twumva ko haba hari icyobo aha kuri Twizere kirimo ababyeyi n’abavandimwe bacu tutarabona, turasaba ko abazi aho icyo cyobo kiri bahatwereka.

Icyo rero twabwira abari hano, nuko kuri Ndera, turibuka ariko twubaka ejo hazaza :

• Abana basigaye bashoboye kwiga hafi ya bose, bigoranye, ariko barangiza ayisumbuye
• Bagaragaje ubutwari bwo kudaheranwa n’agahinda.  
• Bamwe bamaze kujya ku isoko ry’umurimo
• Kuvuzwa, bafite mutuelle
• Abenshi barubakiwe, bafite aho baba. 
• Abatishoboye bahabwa inkunga y’ingoboka
• Bahawe kandi inka muri gahunda ya girinka munyarwanda

Mu gusoza, abarokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi hano i Ndera bantumye gushimira.  Barashimira byimazeyo ibitaro bya Caraes uburyo bikomeje kubafata mu mugongo, cyane cyane muri ibi bihe bikomeye.  Turashimira by’umwihariko Umuyobozi Mukuru w’ibi bitaro, Furere Nkubili Charles.  Kuba uyu munsi utegurwa gutya, kuba dufite abantu badutabara bangana namwe, nukubera uburyo Furere aba yabishyize ku mutima.  Kuva ageze muri iki kigo, uburyo twibukamo abacu bwarahindutse, yabugize bwiza.  Yerekanye ko koko ari umufurere w’urukundo.  Furere Charles, twongeye kugushimira kandi twizera tudashidikanya ko iki gikorwa cyiza Caraes yatangije kizakomeza.

Abacitse ku icumu kuri Ndera kandi, barashimira Leta cyane.  Kimwe n’abandi hirya no hino mu gihugu Leta yakomeje kubafasha, kugirango twiteze imbere.  Iyo urebye aho tuvuye ni kure, ariko naho tugeze ni kure.  Kubwo ubushake bwo kubaho, kandi kubaho neza, dufashijwe n’ubuyobozi bwiza igihugu gifite, bushaka ko buri munyarwanda yatera imbere, twavuga tudashidikanya ko kuri Ndera abarokotse jenoside yakorewe abatutsi twibuka abacu, ariko na none tubibuka twubaka ejo hazaza heza, kuri twe ubwacu, no ku gihugu cyacu muri rusange.

Murakoze

Byateguwe na Antoine Ruvebana